الافعال الناقصة

•      Modals    الأفعال الناقصة
الأفعال الناقصة
n                      A modal has only one form of the verb for all persons, but it can have several meanings and time frames, depending on the context in which it is used.

الفعل الناقص له صيغة واحدة مع جميع الأشخاص ولكن له عدة معاني و أشكال زمنية حسب المحتوى الذي تستخدم فيه.
n                      Form الصيغة
shall, should, will would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to + (التصريف الأول للفعل)
n                      Modals have no infinitives or past participles.
ليس للفعل الناقص مصدر أو تصريف ثالث.

                                                                         
Modals
الأفعال الناقصة
Expresses:
تعبر عن:
Example
مثال
shall
Promise
وعد
You shall take a reward.

Determination
تصميم
He does not want to obey me: but he shall.

Threat
تهديد
You shall be punished if you come late.
should
Duty
الواجب
You should obey your teachers.

Advice or opinion
النصيحة أو الرأي
You should stop smoking.
will
The simple future tense.
صيغة المستقبل البسيط
He will visit us tomorrow.

Determination or promise
التصميم أو الوعد
I will travel when I like.
We will do as you wish.

Modals
الأفعال الناقصة
Expresses:
تعبر عن:
Example
مثال
might
Possibility
الإمكانية
I hoped that I might succeed.
I thought that the weather might change
can, am/is/are able to
Ability
المقدرة
He can do it carefully.
He is able to solve the problem.
shall be able, will be able
Ability in the future
المقدرة على المستقبل
I shall be able to help you.
could
Past, present or future possibility
الإمكانية في الماضي/ المضارع / المستقبل
Fahad could drive his car a year ago.
Ali is not in class today. He could be sick.
Do not leave now. It could rain now.
must
Necessity
الضرورة
You must listen to your teachers.
had to
The past form of must :past necessity
الضرورة في الماضي
Faisal could not come to our dinner party.  He had to stay home to study.



Modals
الأفعال الناقصة
Expresses:
تعبر عن:
Example
مثال
ought to
Advice
النصيحة
You ought to help the poor.
ought to have
Actions that were advisable in the past
أحداث كان من المستحسن عملها في الماضي
You ought to have studied.
(You did not. That was a mistake)


Affirmative
إثبات
Negative
نفي
Question
إثبات
Short Answers
إجابات مختصرة
Affirmative
Negative
They should eat now.
They should not eat now.
Should they eat now?
Yes, they should.
No, they should not.
He will leave.
He will not leave.
Will he leave?
Yes, he will.
No, he will not.
He would succeed.
He would not succeed.
Would he leave?
Yes, he would.
No, he would not.
I might succeed.
I might not succeed.
Might I succeed?


I may sleep.
I may not sleep.
May I sleep?




Affirmative
إثبات
Negative
نفي
Question
إثبات
Short Answers
إجابات مختصرة
Affirmative
Negative
I can do it.
I can not do it.
Can I do it?
Yes, you can.
No, you can not.
He could talk.
He could not talk.
Could he talk?
Yes, he could.
No, he could not.
We could have a test tomorrow.
We could not have a test tomorrow.
Could we have a test tomorrow?
Yes, you could.
No, he could not.
You must go now.
You must not go now.
Must you go now?
Yes, I must.
No, I must not.
You ought to help  them.
You ought not to help  them.
Ought you to help  them?
Yes, I ought to.
No, I ought not.

تسلمي